ESP32 ST-4 autoguider library with thread-safe pulse guiding

Port of arduino-st4 (Kevin Ferrare) to ESP32/PlatformIO with:
- FreeRTOS mutex protection at every layer (Pin, Axis, Pulse, Controller)
- Hardware timer pulse guiding with ISR-safe deferred stop pattern
- Backward-compatible serial protocol (57600 baud, #-terminated)
- Extended commands: PULSE, POS?, SYNC, STATUS?, VERSION?
- Optional WiFi/WebSocket control (gated by ST4_WIFI_ENABLED)
- Dead-reckoning position tracker using esp_timer microsecond precision

All 4 examples build clean against esp32dev target.
This commit is contained in:
Ryan Malloy 2026-02-17 19:46:03 -07:00
commit 4c91fd4811
25 changed files with 1638 additions and 0 deletions

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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.PHONY: all basic serial pulse wifi clean
BOARD = esp32dev
LIB = .
all: basic serial pulse wifi
@echo "All examples built successfully"
basic:
pio ci examples/basic_gpio/basic_gpio.ino --lib="$(LIB)" --board=$(BOARD)
serial:
pio ci examples/serial_compatible/serial_compatible.ino --lib="$(LIB)" --board=$(BOARD)
pulse:
pio ci examples/pulse_guide/pulse_guide.ino --lib="$(LIB)" --board=$(BOARD)
wifi:
pio ci examples/wifi_control/wifi_control.ino --lib="$(LIB)" --board=$(BOARD) \
--project-option="build_flags=-DST4_WIFI_ENABLED" \
--project-option="lib_deps=bblanchon/ArduinoJson@^7.0.0, mathieucarbou/ESPAsyncWebServer@^3.6.0"
clean:
rm -rf .pio

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// ST4-ESP32 Basic GPIO Example
// Cycles through all axis directions to verify wiring
// Use multimeter or logic analyzer on TLP521-4 outputs to verify
#include <ST4.h>
ST4Axis ra;
ST4Axis dec;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("ST4 Basic GPIO Test");
ra.begin(ST4_PIN_RA_PLUS, ST4_PIN_RA_MINUS);
dec.begin(ST4_PIN_DEC_PLUS, ST4_PIN_DEC_MINUS);
Serial.println("Pins initialized. Cycling directions...");
}
void loop() {
Serial.println("RA+");
ra.plus();
delay(2000);
Serial.println("RA stop");
ra.stop();
delay(1000);
Serial.println("RA-");
ra.minus();
delay(2000);
Serial.println("RA stop");
ra.stop();
delay(1000);
Serial.println("DEC+");
dec.plus();
delay(2000);
Serial.println("DEC stop");
dec.stop();
delay(1000);
Serial.println("DEC-");
dec.minus();
delay(2000);
Serial.println("All stop");
dec.stop();
delay(3000);
}

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// ST4-ESP32 Pulse Guide Example
// Demonstrates hardware-timer pulse guiding with position tracking
//
// Send via serial (57600 baud):
// CONNECT# - connect to mount
// PULSE RA+ 500# - pulse RA+ for 500ms
// PULSE DEC- 1000# - pulse DEC- for 1 second
// POS?# - read current position
// STATUS?# - full status report
#include <ST4.h>
ST4Controller controller;
ST4Serial st4Serial;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("ST4 Pulse Guide Example");
controller.begin(
ST4_PIN_RA_PLUS, ST4_PIN_RA_MINUS,
ST4_PIN_DEC_PLUS, ST4_PIN_DEC_MINUS,
ST4_PIN_LED
);
st4Serial.begin(controller, Serial);
controller.connect();
Serial.println("Ready. Try: PULSE RA+ 500#");
}
void loop() {
st4Serial.update();
// Print position every 5 seconds while moving
static uint32_t lastPrint = 0;
if (millis() - lastPrint > 5000) {
lastPrint = millis();
if (controller.axisActive(ST4AxisId::RA) ||
controller.axisActive(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION) ||
controller.isPulseActive()) {
Serial.print("RA: ");
Serial.print(controller.position(ST4AxisId::RA), 6);
Serial.print(" DEC: ");
Serial.println(controller.position(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION), 6);
}
}
}

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// ST4-ESP32 Serial Compatible Example
// Drop-in replacement for original ArduinoCode.ino
// Works with the ASCOM ArduinoST4 driver at 57600 baud
//
// Original commands: CONNECT# DISCONNECT# RA+# RA-# RA0# DEC+# DEC-# DEC0#
// Extended commands: PULSE RA+ 500# POS?# SYNC 12.345 45.678# STATUS?# VERSION?#
#include <ST4.h>
ST4Controller controller;
ST4Serial st4Serial;
void setup() {
controller.begin(
ST4_PIN_RA_PLUS, ST4_PIN_RA_MINUS,
ST4_PIN_DEC_PLUS, ST4_PIN_DEC_MINUS,
ST4_PIN_LED
);
// Extended mode adds PULSE, POS?, SYNC, STATUS?, VERSION?
// Set to false for strict original protocol compatibility
st4Serial.begin(controller, Serial, true);
}
void loop() {
st4Serial.update();
}

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// ST4-ESP32 WiFi Control Example
// Creates a WiFi AP with WebSocket server for wireless autoguiding
//
// Connect to WiFi AP, then open WebSocket at ws://<IP>/ws
// JSON commands:
// {"cmd":"move","axis":"ra","dir":"+"}
// {"cmd":"pulse","axis":"dec","dir":"-","ms":500}
// {"cmd":"stop"}
// {"cmd":"sync","ra":12.345,"dec":45.678}
// {"cmd":"status"}
//
// State broadcasts are sent automatically on direction changes
// and periodically during active slew
#ifndef ST4_WIFI_ENABLED
#define ST4_WIFI_ENABLED
#endif
#include <ST4.h>
ST4Controller controller;
ST4Serial st4Serial;
ST4WiFi st4WiFi;
const char* WIFI_SSID = "ST4-Guider";
const char* WIFI_PASS = "st4guide!";
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("ST4 WiFi Control");
controller.begin(
ST4_PIN_RA_PLUS, ST4_PIN_RA_MINUS,
ST4_PIN_DEC_PLUS, ST4_PIN_DEC_MINUS,
ST4_PIN_LED
);
st4Serial.begin(controller, Serial);
ST4WiFiConfig wifiConfig = {
.ssid = WIFI_SSID,
.password = WIFI_PASS,
.apMode = true,
.httpPort = 80,
.broadcastIntervalMs = 250
};
st4WiFi.begin(controller, wifiConfig);
controller.connect();
Serial.println("WiFi AP: " + String(WIFI_SSID));
Serial.print("WebSocket: ws://");
Serial.print(WiFi.softAPIP());
Serial.println("/ws");
}
void loop() {
st4Serial.update();
st4WiFi.update();
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: ESP32 ST-4 autoguider port controller
// Facade header - includes all library components
#pragma once
#include "ST4Types.h"
#include "ST4Config.h"
#include "ST4Pin.h"
#include "ST4Axis.h"
#include "ST4Tracker.h"
#include "ST4Pulse.h"
#include "ST4Controller.h"
#include "ST4Serial.h"
#ifdef ST4_WIFI_ENABLED
#include "ST4WiFi.h"
#endif

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: Dual-pin axis with mutual exclusion
// Deactivates opposing pin before activating (matches original safety pattern)
#pragma once
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/semphr.h>
#include "ST4Pin.h"
#include "ST4Types.h"
class ST4Axis {
ST4Pin plusPin_;
ST4Pin minusPin_;
volatile ST4Direction direction_;
SemaphoreHandle_t mutex_;
public:
ST4Axis();
~ST4Axis();
void begin(int plusPin, int minusPin,
ST4PinLogic logic = ST4PinLogic::ACTIVE_HIGH);
void plus();
void minus();
void stop();
void move(ST4Direction dir);
ST4Direction direction() const;
bool isActive() const;
};

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: Default pin configuration for ESP32
#pragma once
#include <cstdint>
// Default GPIO assignments for ESP32 with TLP521-4 optocoupler
// Override by defining before including ST4.h
#ifndef ST4_PIN_RA_PLUS
#define ST4_PIN_RA_PLUS 16
#endif
#ifndef ST4_PIN_RA_MINUS
#define ST4_PIN_RA_MINUS 17
#endif
#ifndef ST4_PIN_DEC_PLUS
#define ST4_PIN_DEC_PLUS 18
#endif
#ifndef ST4_PIN_DEC_MINUS
#define ST4_PIN_DEC_MINUS 19
#endif
#ifndef ST4_PIN_LED
#define ST4_PIN_LED 2
#endif

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: High-level mount controller
// Owns axes, trackers, and pulse engine with configurable sidereal rates
// Controller-level mutex ensures composite operations are atomic across cores
#pragma once
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/semphr.h>
#include "ST4Types.h"
#include "ST4Config.h"
#include "ST4Axis.h"
#include "ST4Tracker.h"
#include "ST4Pulse.h"
class ST4Controller {
ST4Axis axes_[2];
ST4Tracker trackers_[2];
ST4Pulse pulse_;
ST4RateConfig rateConfig_;
bool connected_;
int ledPin_;
mutable SemaphoreHandle_t mutex_;
double calculateSlewRate(ST4AxisId axis, ST4Direction dir) const;
public:
ST4Controller();
~ST4Controller();
void begin(int raPlusPin = ST4_PIN_RA_PLUS,
int raMinusPin = ST4_PIN_RA_MINUS,
int decPlusPin = ST4_PIN_DEC_PLUS,
int decMinusPin = ST4_PIN_DEC_MINUS,
int ledPin = ST4_PIN_LED,
ST4PinLogic logic = ST4PinLogic::ACTIVE_HIGH);
void setRates(const ST4RateConfig& config);
void connect();
void disconnect();
bool isConnected() const;
void move(ST4AxisId axis, ST4Direction dir);
void stopAxis(ST4AxisId axis);
void stopAll();
bool pulseGuide(ST4AxisId axis, ST4Direction dir, uint32_t ms);
bool isPulseActive() const;
double position(ST4AxisId axis) const;
void setPosition(ST4AxisId axis, double pos);
void sync(double ra, double dec);
ST4Direction axisDirection(ST4AxisId axis) const;
bool axisActive(ST4AxisId axis) const;
ST4State state() const;
ST4Axis& axis(ST4AxisId id);
ST4Tracker& tracker(ST4AxisId id);
};

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: Single GPIO pin abstraction with configurable active logic
#pragma once
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "ST4Types.h"
class ST4Pin {
int pin_;
ST4PinLogic logic_;
bool active_;
public:
ST4Pin();
void begin(int pin, ST4PinLogic logic = ST4PinLogic::ACTIVE_HIGH);
void activate();
void deactivate();
bool isActive() const;
int pin() const;
};

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: Hardware timer pulse guiding (non-blocking)
// Uses esp_timer one-shot with deferred stop via FreeRTOS task
#pragma once
#include <esp_timer.h>
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/semphr.h>
#include <freertos/task.h>
#include "ST4Axis.h"
#include "ST4Tracker.h"
class ST4Pulse {
// Static instance for timer callback (standard embedded ISR pattern)
static ST4Pulse* instance_;
esp_timer_handle_t timer_;
SemaphoreHandle_t pulseDoneSem_;
SemaphoreHandle_t mutex_;
TaskHandle_t pulseTaskHandle_;
ST4Axis* activeAxis_;
ST4Tracker* activeTracker_;
volatile bool active_;
volatile bool shutdown_;
static constexpr uint32_t MAX_PULSE_MS = 10000;
void cancelLocked();
static void timerCallback(void* arg);
static void pulseTaskFunc(void* arg);
public:
ST4Pulse();
~ST4Pulse();
void begin();
bool pulse(ST4Axis& axis, ST4Tracker& tracker,
ST4Direction dir, double slewRate, uint32_t ms);
bool isActive() const;
void cancel();
};

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: Serial protocol handler (ASCOM/INDI compatible)
// Drop-in replacement for original ArduinoCode.ino serial protocol
// Extended mode adds PULSE, POS?, SYNC, STATUS?, VERSION?
#pragma once
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "ST4Controller.h"
class ST4Serial {
ST4Controller* controller_;
HardwareSerial* serial_;
String buffer_;
bool extendedMode_;
void processCommand(const String& cmd);
void processExtendedCommand(const String& cmd);
String directionStr(ST4Direction dir) const;
public:
ST4Serial();
void begin(ST4Controller& controller,
HardwareSerial& serial = Serial,
bool extendedMode = true);
void update();
};

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: Dead-reckoning position tracker
// Port of ASCOM AxisMovementTracker.cs using esp_timer microsecond precision
#pragma once
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/semphr.h>
#include "ST4Types.h"
class ST4Tracker {
double position_;
double slewRate_;
int64_t startTime_;
mutable SemaphoreHandle_t mutex_;
double calculateDelta() const;
public:
ST4Tracker();
~ST4Tracker();
void begin();
void start(double slewRate);
void stop();
double position() const;
void setPosition(double pos);
double slewRate() const;
bool isMoving() const;
};

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include/ST4Types.h Normal file
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: ESP32 ST-4 autoguider port controller
// Based on arduino-st4 by Kevin Ferrare
#pragma once
#include <cstdint>
enum class ST4Direction : uint8_t {
PLUS,
MINUS,
STOP
};
enum class ST4AxisId : uint8_t {
RA = 0,
DECLINATION = 1
};
enum class ST4PinLogic : uint8_t {
ACTIVE_HIGH,
ACTIVE_LOW
};
// Sidereal rate constants (from ASCOM ArduinoST4 Constants.cs)
namespace ST4Constants {
constexpr double DEGREES_PER_SECOND = 360.0 / (24.0 * 3600.0);
constexpr double RA_PER_SECOND = 1.0 / 3600.0;
// Default sidereal rate multipliers (from ASCOM Driver.cs)
// RA+: 8x slew + 1x earth rotation = 9x
// RA-: 8x slew - 1x earth rotation = 7x
// DEC: symmetric 8x
constexpr double DEFAULT_RA_RATE_PLUS = 9.0;
constexpr double DEFAULT_RA_RATE_MINUS = 7.0;
constexpr double DEFAULT_DEC_RATE_PLUS = 8.0;
constexpr double DEFAULT_DEC_RATE_MINUS = 8.0;
constexpr uint32_t DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE = 57600;
constexpr uint16_t DEFAULT_WS_PORT = 81;
constexpr uint16_t DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT = 80;
constexpr char VERSION[] = "2026.02.17";
}
struct ST4AxisState {
bool active;
ST4Direction direction;
double position;
};
struct ST4State {
bool connected;
ST4AxisState ra;
ST4AxisState dec;
};
struct ST4RateConfig {
double raPlusMultiplier;
double raMinusMultiplier;
double decPlusMultiplier;
double decMinusMultiplier;
};

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// ST4-ESP32: WiFi + WebSocket server (optional)
// Enable by defining ST4_WIFI_ENABLED before including ST4.h
#pragma once
#ifdef ST4_WIFI_ENABLED
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include "ST4Controller.h"
struct ST4WiFiConfig {
const char* ssid;
const char* password;
bool apMode;
uint16_t httpPort;
uint32_t broadcastIntervalMs;
};
class ST4WiFi {
ST4Controller* controller_;
AsyncWebServer* server_;
AsyncWebSocket* ws_;
ST4WiFiConfig config_;
uint32_t lastBroadcast_;
ST4Direction lastRaDir_;
ST4Direction lastDecDir_;
void handleWebSocketEvent(AsyncWebSocket* server,
AsyncWebSocketClient* client,
AwsEventType type, void* arg,
uint8_t* data, size_t len);
void processCommand(AsyncWebSocketClient* client,
uint8_t* data, size_t len);
void broadcastState();
String stateJson() const;
public:
ST4WiFi();
~ST4WiFi();
void begin(ST4Controller& controller, const ST4WiFiConfig& config);
void update();
};
#endif // ST4_WIFI_ENABLED

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library.json Normal file
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{
"name": "ST4-ESP32",
"version": "2026.02.17",
"description": "ESP32 ST-4 autoguider port controller with WiFi/WebSocket support, hardware-timer pulse guiding, and FreeRTOS thread safety",
"keywords": [
"telescope",
"autoguider",
"st-4",
"mount-control",
"pulse-guiding",
"satellite-tracking",
"ham-radio",
"esp32"
],
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://git.supported.systems/rpm/st-4-esp32"
},
"authors": [
{
"name": "Ryan Malloy",
"email": "ryan@supported.systems"
}
],
"license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
"frameworks": "arduino",
"platforms": "espressif32",
"headers": "ST4.h",
"dependencies": {
"bblanchon/ArduinoJson": "^7.0.0"
},
"build": {
"flags": [
"-I include"
]
},
"examples": [
"examples/basic_gpio/basic_gpio.ino",
"examples/serial_compatible/serial_compatible.ino",
"examples/pulse_guide/pulse_guide.ino",
"examples/wifi_control/wifi_control.ino"
]
}

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platformio.ini Normal file
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; ST4-ESP32 PlatformIO library
; For building examples: use 'make' targets (uses pio ci)
; For development/upload: pio run -e <env> (uses symlink lib_deps)
[platformio]
default_envs = serial_compatible
[env]
platform = espressif32
board = esp32dev
framework = arduino
monitor_speed = 115200
lib_deps = symlink://.
[env:basic_gpio]
build_src_filter = +<../examples/basic_gpio/>
[env:serial_compatible]
build_src_filter = +<../examples/serial_compatible/>
[env:pulse_guide]
build_src_filter = +<../examples/pulse_guide/>
[env:wifi_control]
build_flags = -DST4_WIFI_ENABLED
lib_deps =
symlink://.
bblanchon/ArduinoJson@^7.0.0
mathieucarbou/ESPAsyncWebServer@^3.6.0
build_src_filter = +<../examples/wifi_control/>

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
#include "ST4Axis.h"
ST4Axis::ST4Axis()
: direction_(ST4Direction::STOP), mutex_(nullptr) {}
ST4Axis::~ST4Axis() {
if (mutex_) vSemaphoreDelete(mutex_);
}
void ST4Axis::begin(int plusPin, int minusPin, ST4PinLogic logic) {
mutex_ = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
configASSERT(mutex_);
plusPin_.begin(plusPin, logic);
minusPin_.begin(minusPin, logic);
stop();
}
void ST4Axis::plus() {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
// Safety: deactivate opposing direction first (prevents optocoupler short)
minusPin_.deactivate();
plusPin_.activate();
direction_ = ST4Direction::PLUS;
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
void ST4Axis::minus() {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
plusPin_.deactivate();
minusPin_.activate();
direction_ = ST4Direction::MINUS;
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
void ST4Axis::stop() {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
plusPin_.deactivate();
minusPin_.deactivate();
direction_ = ST4Direction::STOP;
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
void ST4Axis::move(ST4Direction dir) {
switch (dir) {
case ST4Direction::PLUS: plus(); break;
case ST4Direction::MINUS: minus(); break;
case ST4Direction::STOP: stop(); break;
}
}
ST4Direction ST4Axis::direction() const {
// Atomic read on ESP32 (uint8_t enum)
return direction_;
}
bool ST4Axis::isActive() const {
return direction_ != ST4Direction::STOP;
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
#include "ST4Controller.h"
#include <Arduino.h>
ST4Controller::ST4Controller()
: connected_(false), ledPin_(-1), mutex_(nullptr) {
rateConfig_ = {
ST4Constants::DEFAULT_RA_RATE_PLUS,
ST4Constants::DEFAULT_RA_RATE_MINUS,
ST4Constants::DEFAULT_DEC_RATE_PLUS,
ST4Constants::DEFAULT_DEC_RATE_MINUS
};
}
ST4Controller::~ST4Controller() {
if (mutex_) vSemaphoreDelete(mutex_);
}
void ST4Controller::begin(int raPlusPin, int raMinusPin,
int decPlusPin, int decMinusPin,
int ledPin, ST4PinLogic logic) {
mutex_ = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
configASSERT(mutex_);
ledPin_ = ledPin;
if (ledPin_ >= 0) {
pinMode(ledPin_, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPin_, LOW);
}
axes_[static_cast<int>(ST4AxisId::RA)].begin(raPlusPin, raMinusPin, logic);
axes_[static_cast<int>(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION)].begin(decPlusPin, decMinusPin, logic);
trackers_[0].begin();
trackers_[1].begin();
pulse_.begin();
}
void ST4Controller::setRates(const ST4RateConfig& config) {
configASSERT(config.raPlusMultiplier > 0);
configASSERT(config.raMinusMultiplier > 0);
configASSERT(config.decPlusMultiplier > 0);
configASSERT(config.decMinusMultiplier > 0);
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
rateConfig_ = config;
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
double ST4Controller::calculateSlewRate(ST4AxisId axis, ST4Direction dir) const {
if (dir == ST4Direction::STOP) return 0;
double baseRate = (axis == ST4AxisId::RA)
? ST4Constants::RA_PER_SECOND
: ST4Constants::DEGREES_PER_SECOND;
double multiplier;
if (axis == ST4AxisId::RA) {
multiplier = (dir == ST4Direction::PLUS)
? rateConfig_.raPlusMultiplier
: rateConfig_.raMinusMultiplier;
} else {
multiplier = (dir == ST4Direction::PLUS)
? rateConfig_.decPlusMultiplier
: rateConfig_.decMinusMultiplier;
}
double sign = (dir == ST4Direction::MINUS) ? -1.0 : 1.0;
return sign * baseRate * multiplier;
}
void ST4Controller::connect() {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
connected_ = true;
if (ledPin_ >= 0) digitalWrite(ledPin_, HIGH);
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
stopAll();
}
void ST4Controller::disconnect() {
stopAll();
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
connected_ = false;
if (ledPin_ >= 0) digitalWrite(ledPin_, LOW);
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
bool ST4Controller::isConnected() const {
return connected_;
}
void ST4Controller::move(ST4AxisId axis, ST4Direction dir) {
if (!connected_) return;
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
int idx = static_cast<int>(axis);
if (dir == ST4Direction::STOP) {
axes_[idx].stop();
trackers_[idx].stop();
} else {
axes_[idx].move(dir);
trackers_[idx].start(calculateSlewRate(axis, dir));
}
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
void ST4Controller::stopAxis(ST4AxisId axis) {
move(axis, ST4Direction::STOP);
}
void ST4Controller::stopAll() {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
int raIdx = static_cast<int>(ST4AxisId::RA);
int decIdx = static_cast<int>(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION);
axes_[raIdx].stop();
trackers_[raIdx].stop();
axes_[decIdx].stop();
trackers_[decIdx].stop();
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
if (pulse_.isActive()) pulse_.cancel();
}
bool ST4Controller::pulseGuide(ST4AxisId axis, ST4Direction dir, uint32_t ms) {
if (!connected_) return false;
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
int idx = static_cast<int>(axis);
double rate = calculateSlewRate(axis, dir);
bool result = pulse_.pulse(axes_[idx], trackers_[idx], dir, rate, ms);
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
return result;
}
bool ST4Controller::isPulseActive() const {
return pulse_.isActive();
}
double ST4Controller::position(ST4AxisId axis) const {
return trackers_[static_cast<int>(axis)].position();
}
void ST4Controller::setPosition(ST4AxisId axis, double pos) {
trackers_[static_cast<int>(axis)].setPosition(pos);
}
void ST4Controller::sync(double ra, double dec) {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
setPosition(ST4AxisId::RA, ra);
setPosition(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION, dec);
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
ST4Direction ST4Controller::axisDirection(ST4AxisId axis) const {
return axes_[static_cast<int>(axis)].direction();
}
bool ST4Controller::axisActive(ST4AxisId axis) const {
return axes_[static_cast<int>(axis)].isActive();
}
ST4State ST4Controller::state() const {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
ST4State s;
s.connected = connected_;
s.ra.active = axes_[0].isActive();
s.ra.direction = axes_[0].direction();
s.ra.position = trackers_[0].position();
s.dec.active = axes_[1].isActive();
s.dec.direction = axes_[1].direction();
s.dec.position = trackers_[1].position();
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
return s;
}
ST4Axis& ST4Controller::axis(ST4AxisId id) {
return axes_[static_cast<int>(id)];
}
ST4Tracker& ST4Controller::tracker(ST4AxisId id) {
return trackers_[static_cast<int>(id)];
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
#include "ST4Pin.h"
ST4Pin::ST4Pin()
: pin_(-1), logic_(ST4PinLogic::ACTIVE_HIGH), active_(false) {}
void ST4Pin::begin(int pin, ST4PinLogic logic) {
pin_ = pin;
logic_ = logic;
active_ = false;
pinMode(pin_, OUTPUT);
deactivate();
}
void ST4Pin::activate() {
if (pin_ < 0) return;
active_ = true;
digitalWrite(pin_, (logic_ == ST4PinLogic::ACTIVE_HIGH) ? HIGH : LOW);
}
void ST4Pin::deactivate() {
if (pin_ < 0) return;
active_ = false;
digitalWrite(pin_, (logic_ == ST4PinLogic::ACTIVE_HIGH) ? LOW : HIGH);
}
bool ST4Pin::isActive() const {
return active_;
}
int ST4Pin::pin() const {
return pin_;
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Hardware timer pulse guiding with deferred ISR-safe stop
//
// Pattern: esp_timer callback -> semaphore -> high-priority task -> mutex -> axis.stop()
// The mutex protects the multi-field state (activeAxis_, activeTracker_, active_)
// from concurrent pulse()/cancel() calls across ESP32 cores.
#include "ST4Pulse.h"
ST4Pulse* ST4Pulse::instance_ = nullptr;
static const int PULSE_TASK_PRIORITY = configMAX_PRIORITIES - 2;
static const int PULSE_TASK_STACK = 2048;
ST4Pulse::ST4Pulse()
: timer_(nullptr), pulseDoneSem_(nullptr), mutex_(nullptr),
pulseTaskHandle_(nullptr),
activeAxis_(nullptr), activeTracker_(nullptr),
active_(false), shutdown_(false) {}
ST4Pulse::~ST4Pulse() {
// 1. Stop and delete timer (prevents new semaphore gives)
if (timer_) {
esp_timer_stop(timer_);
esp_timer_delete(timer_);
timer_ = nullptr;
}
// 2. Signal task to exit and unblock it
shutdown_ = true;
if (pulseDoneSem_) xSemaphoreGive(pulseDoneSem_);
// 3. Wait for task to see shutdown flag
if (pulseTaskHandle_) {
vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
vTaskDelete(pulseTaskHandle_);
pulseTaskHandle_ = nullptr;
}
// 4. Delete synchronization primitives last
if (pulseDoneSem_) vSemaphoreDelete(pulseDoneSem_);
if (mutex_) vSemaphoreDelete(mutex_);
instance_ = nullptr;
}
void ST4Pulse::timerCallback(void* arg) {
ST4Pulse* self = static_cast<ST4Pulse*>(arg);
// Give semaphore to wake the pulse-stop task
// Safe for ESP_TIMER_TASK dispatch (the default)
xSemaphoreGive(self->pulseDoneSem_);
}
void ST4Pulse::pulseTaskFunc(void* arg) {
ST4Pulse* self = static_cast<ST4Pulse*>(arg);
for (;;) {
if (xSemaphoreTake(self->pulseDoneSem_, portMAX_DELAY) == pdTRUE) {
if (self->shutdown_) break;
xSemaphoreTake(self->mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
if (self->active_) {
if (self->activeAxis_) self->activeAxis_->stop();
if (self->activeTracker_) self->activeTracker_->stop();
self->active_ = false;
}
xSemaphoreGive(self->mutex_);
}
}
// Task deletes itself on shutdown
vTaskDelete(nullptr);
}
void ST4Pulse::begin() {
instance_ = this;
mutex_ = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
configASSERT(mutex_);
pulseDoneSem_ = xSemaphoreCreateBinary();
configASSERT(pulseDoneSem_);
esp_timer_create_args_t timerArgs = {};
timerArgs.callback = timerCallback;
timerArgs.arg = this;
timerArgs.name = "st4_pulse";
esp_err_t err = esp_timer_create(&timerArgs, &timer_);
configASSERT(err == ESP_OK);
BaseType_t created = xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(
pulseTaskFunc, "st4_pulse", PULSE_TASK_STACK,
this, PULSE_TASK_PRIORITY, &pulseTaskHandle_, 1
);
configASSERT(created == pdPASS);
}
void ST4Pulse::cancelLocked() {
// Caller must hold mutex_
esp_timer_stop(timer_);
// Drain any pending semaphore from a just-fired timer
xSemaphoreTake(pulseDoneSem_, 0);
if (activeAxis_) activeAxis_->stop();
if (activeTracker_) activeTracker_->stop();
active_ = false;
activeAxis_ = nullptr;
activeTracker_ = nullptr;
}
bool ST4Pulse::pulse(ST4Axis& axis, ST4Tracker& tracker,
ST4Direction dir, double slewRate, uint32_t ms) {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
if (active_) cancelLocked();
if (dir == ST4Direction::STOP || ms == 0) {
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
return false;
}
if (ms > MAX_PULSE_MS) ms = MAX_PULSE_MS;
activeAxis_ = &axis;
activeTracker_ = &tracker;
active_ = true;
axis.move(dir);
tracker.start(slewRate);
// Start one-shot timer (microseconds)
esp_timer_start_once(timer_, static_cast<uint64_t>(ms) * 1000);
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
return true;
}
bool ST4Pulse::isActive() const {
return active_;
}
void ST4Pulse::cancel() {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
cancelLocked();
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Serial protocol: backward compatible with original ArduinoCode.ino
// Original commands: CONNECT#, DISCONNECT#, RA+#, RA-#, RA0#, DEC+#, DEC-#, DEC0#
// Extended commands: PULSE RA+ 500#, POS?#, SYNC 12.345 45.678#, STATUS?#, VERSION?#
#include "ST4Serial.h"
ST4Serial::ST4Serial()
: controller_(nullptr), serial_(nullptr), extendedMode_(true) {}
void ST4Serial::begin(ST4Controller& controller, HardwareSerial& serial,
bool extendedMode) {
controller_ = &controller;
serial_ = &serial;
extendedMode_ = extendedMode;
buffer_.reserve(64);
serial_->begin(ST4Constants::DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE, SERIAL_8N1);
serial_->println("INITIALIZED#");
}
String ST4Serial::directionStr(ST4Direction dir) const {
switch (dir) {
case ST4Direction::PLUS: return "+";
case ST4Direction::MINUS: return "-";
default: return "0";
}
}
void ST4Serial::processCommand(const String& cmd) {
bool valid = true;
if (cmd == "CONNECT") {
controller_->connect();
} else if (cmd == "DISCONNECT") {
controller_->disconnect();
} else if (cmd == "RA0") {
controller_->stopAxis(ST4AxisId::RA);
} else if (cmd == "RA+") {
controller_->move(ST4AxisId::RA, ST4Direction::PLUS);
} else if (cmd == "RA-") {
controller_->move(ST4AxisId::RA, ST4Direction::MINUS);
} else if (cmd == "DEC0") {
controller_->stopAxis(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION);
} else if (cmd == "DEC+") {
controller_->move(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION, ST4Direction::PLUS);
} else if (cmd == "DEC-") {
controller_->move(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION, ST4Direction::MINUS);
} else if (extendedMode_) {
processExtendedCommand(cmd);
return;
} else {
valid = false;
}
if (valid) {
serial_->println("OK#");
}
}
void ST4Serial::processExtendedCommand(const String& cmd) {
if (cmd.startsWith("PULSE ")) {
// Format: PULSE RA+ 500 or PULSE DEC- 1000
String rest = cmd.substring(6);
rest.trim();
ST4AxisId axis;
if (rest.startsWith("RA")) {
axis = ST4AxisId::RA;
rest = rest.substring(2);
} else if (rest.startsWith("DEC")) {
axis = ST4AxisId::DECLINATION;
rest = rest.substring(3);
} else {
serial_->println("ERR:INVALID_AXIS#");
return;
}
ST4Direction dir;
if (rest.startsWith("+")) {
dir = ST4Direction::PLUS;
rest = rest.substring(1);
} else if (rest.startsWith("-")) {
dir = ST4Direction::MINUS;
rest = rest.substring(1);
} else {
serial_->println("ERR:INVALID_DIR#");
return;
}
rest.trim();
uint32_t ms = rest.toInt();
if (ms > 0) {
controller_->pulseGuide(axis, dir, ms);
serial_->println("OK#");
} else {
serial_->println("ERR:INVALID_DURATION#");
}
} else if (cmd == "POS?") {
serial_->print("POS ");
serial_->print(controller_->position(ST4AxisId::RA), 6);
serial_->print(" ");
serial_->print(controller_->position(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION), 6);
serial_->println("#");
} else if (cmd.startsWith("SYNC ")) {
// Format: SYNC 12.345 45.678
String rest = cmd.substring(5);
int spaceIdx = rest.indexOf(' ');
if (spaceIdx > 0) {
double ra = rest.substring(0, spaceIdx).toDouble();
double dec = rest.substring(spaceIdx + 1).toDouble();
controller_->sync(ra, dec);
serial_->println("OK#");
} else {
serial_->println("ERR:INVALID_COORDS#");
}
} else if (cmd == "STATUS?") {
ST4State s = controller_->state();
serial_->print("STATUS ");
serial_->print(s.connected ? "CONNECTED" : "DISCONNECTED");
serial_->print(" RA:");
serial_->print(directionStr(s.ra.direction));
serial_->print(":");
serial_->print(s.ra.position, 6);
serial_->print(" DEC:");
serial_->print(directionStr(s.dec.direction));
serial_->print(":");
serial_->print(s.dec.position, 6);
serial_->println("#");
} else if (cmd == "VERSION?") {
serial_->print("VERSION ");
serial_->print(ST4Constants::VERSION);
serial_->println("#");
}
// Unknown extended commands are silently ignored (matches original behavior)
}
void ST4Serial::update() {
while (serial_->available()) {
char c = serial_->read();
if (c == '#') {
buffer_.trim();
if (buffer_.length() > 0) {
processCommand(buffer_);
}
buffer_ = "";
} else if (c != '\r' && c != '\n') {
if (buffer_.length() < 64) {
buffer_ += c;
}
}
}
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Port of ASCOM AxisMovementTracker.cs
// Uses esp_timer_get_time() for microsecond precision (vs DateTime.Now ~15ms)
#include "ST4Tracker.h"
#include <esp_timer.h>
ST4Tracker::ST4Tracker()
: position_(0), slewRate_(0), startTime_(0), mutex_(nullptr) {}
ST4Tracker::~ST4Tracker() {
if (mutex_) vSemaphoreDelete(mutex_);
}
void ST4Tracker::begin() {
mutex_ = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
configASSERT(mutex_);
}
double ST4Tracker::calculateDelta() const {
// Equivalent to ASCOM's: slewRate * (DateTime.Now - slewStartTime).TotalSeconds
if (slewRate_ == 0) return 0;
int64_t elapsed_us = esp_timer_get_time() - startTime_;
return slewRate_ * (elapsed_us / 1000000.0);
}
void ST4Tracker::start(double slewRate) {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
// Accumulate pending delta before changing rate (matches ASCOM Stop+Start pattern)
if (slewRate_ != 0) {
position_ += calculateDelta();
}
slewRate_ = slewRate;
startTime_ = esp_timer_get_time();
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
void ST4Tracker::stop() {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
position_ += calculateDelta();
slewRate_ = 0;
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
double ST4Tracker::position() const {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
double pos = position_ + calculateDelta();
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
return pos;
}
void ST4Tracker::setPosition(double pos) {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
position_ = pos;
slewRate_ = 0;
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
}
double ST4Tracker::slewRate() const {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
double rate = slewRate_;
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
return rate;
}
bool ST4Tracker::isMoving() const {
xSemaphoreTake(mutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
bool moving = slewRate_ != 0;
xSemaphoreGive(mutex_);
return moving;
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
#ifdef ST4_WIFI_ENABLED
#include "ST4WiFi.h"
ST4WiFi::ST4WiFi()
: controller_(nullptr), server_(nullptr), ws_(nullptr),
lastBroadcast_(0),
lastRaDir_(ST4Direction::STOP), lastDecDir_(ST4Direction::STOP) {}
ST4WiFi::~ST4WiFi() {
delete ws_;
delete server_;
}
void ST4WiFi::begin(ST4Controller& controller, const ST4WiFiConfig& config) {
controller_ = &controller;
config_ = config;
if (config_.apMode) {
WiFi.softAP(config_.ssid, config_.password);
} else {
WiFi.begin(config_.ssid, config_.password);
uint32_t startMs = millis();
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
if (millis() - startMs > 15000) {
log_w("WiFi connection timeout -- running serial-only");
return;
}
delay(500);
}
}
server_ = new AsyncWebServer(config_.httpPort);
ws_ = new AsyncWebSocket("/ws");
ws_->onEvent([this](AsyncWebSocket* server, AsyncWebSocketClient* client,
AwsEventType type, void* arg,
uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
handleWebSocketEvent(server, client, type, arg, data, len);
});
server_->addHandler(ws_);
server_->begin();
}
void ST4WiFi::handleWebSocketEvent(AsyncWebSocket* server,
AsyncWebSocketClient* client,
AwsEventType type, void* arg,
uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
switch (type) {
case WS_EVT_CONNECT:
// Send current state to newly connected client
client->text(stateJson());
break;
case WS_EVT_DATA: {
AwsFrameInfo* info = static_cast<AwsFrameInfo*>(arg);
if (info->final && info->index == 0 &&
info->len == len && info->opcode == WS_TEXT) {
processCommand(client, data, len);
}
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
void ST4WiFi::processCommand(AsyncWebSocketClient* client,
uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
JsonDocument doc;
DeserializationError err = deserializeJson(doc, data, len);
if (err) return;
const char* cmd = doc["cmd"];
if (!cmd) return;
if (strcmp(cmd, "move") == 0) {
const char* axisStr = doc["axis"];
const char* dirStr = doc["dir"];
if (!axisStr || !dirStr) return;
ST4AxisId axis;
if (strcmp(axisStr, "ra") == 0) axis = ST4AxisId::RA;
else if (strcmp(axisStr, "dec") == 0) axis = ST4AxisId::DECLINATION;
else return;
ST4Direction dir;
if (strcmp(dirStr, "+") == 0) dir = ST4Direction::PLUS;
else if (strcmp(dirStr, "-") == 0) dir = ST4Direction::MINUS;
else dir = ST4Direction::STOP;
controller_->move(axis, dir);
broadcastState();
} else if (strcmp(cmd, "pulse") == 0) {
const char* axisStr = doc["axis"];
const char* dirStr = doc["dir"];
uint32_t ms = doc["ms"] | 0;
if (!axisStr || !dirStr || ms == 0) return;
ST4AxisId axis;
if (strcmp(axisStr, "ra") == 0) axis = ST4AxisId::RA;
else if (strcmp(axisStr, "dec") == 0) axis = ST4AxisId::DECLINATION;
else return;
ST4Direction dir;
if (strcmp(dirStr, "+") == 0) dir = ST4Direction::PLUS;
else if (strcmp(dirStr, "-") == 0) dir = ST4Direction::MINUS;
else return;
controller_->pulseGuide(axis, dir, ms);
broadcastState();
} else if (strcmp(cmd, "stop") == 0) {
controller_->stopAll();
broadcastState();
} else if (strcmp(cmd, "sync") == 0) {
double ra = doc["ra"] | 0.0;
double dec = doc["dec"] | 0.0;
controller_->sync(ra, dec);
broadcastState();
} else if (strcmp(cmd, "status") == 0) {
client->text(stateJson());
}
}
void ST4WiFi::broadcastState() {
if (ws_->count() > 0) {
ws_->textAll(stateJson());
}
lastBroadcast_ = millis();
}
String ST4WiFi::stateJson() const {
ST4State s = controller_->state();
JsonDocument doc;
doc["type"] = "state";
doc["connected"] = s.connected;
auto ra = doc["ra"].to<JsonObject>();
ra["active"] = s.ra.active;
ra["dir"] = (s.ra.direction == ST4Direction::PLUS) ? "+"
: (s.ra.direction == ST4Direction::MINUS) ? "-" : "0";
ra["pos"] = s.ra.position;
auto dec = doc["dec"].to<JsonObject>();
dec["active"] = s.dec.active;
dec["dir"] = (s.dec.direction == ST4Direction::PLUS) ? "+"
: (s.dec.direction == ST4Direction::MINUS) ? "-" : "0";
dec["pos"] = s.dec.position;
String output;
serializeJson(doc, output);
return output;
}
void ST4WiFi::update() {
ws_->cleanupClients();
ST4Direction currentRa = controller_->axisDirection(ST4AxisId::RA);
ST4Direction currentDec = controller_->axisDirection(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION);
bool changed = (currentRa != lastRaDir_) || (currentDec != lastDecDir_);
lastRaDir_ = currentRa;
lastDecDir_ = currentDec;
// Broadcast on direction change or periodically during active slew
bool anyActive = controller_->axisActive(ST4AxisId::RA) ||
controller_->axisActive(ST4AxisId::DECLINATION);
bool periodicUpdate = anyActive &&
(millis() - lastBroadcast_ >= config_.broadcastIntervalMs);
if (changed || periodicUpdate) {
broadcastState();
}
}
#endif // ST4_WIFI_ENABLED