Ryan Malloy
52e8acf214
At 3.3V VCC the original R2=470 only drives 4.66mA through the PC817 LED, giving marginal bus pull-down on loaded buses (V_LOW=2.5V at 1k pull-up). Three parameter sweeps (R2, bus impedance, CTR grade) identified R2=220 as the fix: LED current doubles to 9.71mA, bus LOW drops to 0.27V even at 1k pull-up. Validated against PC817A typical CTR with worst-case bus loading.
81 lines
2.5 KiB
Plaintext
81 lines
2.5 KiB
Plaintext
* BMW I/K-Bus Interface - TX Path (ESP32 to Bus) - PC817 + BC547
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* MCU TX drives Q1 (BC547B) which drives U2 (PC817) LED
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* U2 phototransistor pulls bus LOW against 4.7k pull-up to 12V
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* Test pattern: alternating 3-bit-time (312us) pulses
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* TX 0V = bus idle (HIGH), TX 3.3V = bus active (LOW via U2)
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* Includes U1 RX path for loopback observation
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* Signal inversion: TX HIGH -> bus LOW (documented in design)
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*
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* PC817 pin order: 1=Anode, 2=Cathode, 3=Collector, 4=Emitter
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* === Power Supplies ===
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V_BAT V12 0 12
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V_MCU VCC 0 3.3
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* === TX Test Signal ===
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* 0V=idle (U2 OFF, bus HIGH), 3.3V=active (U2 ON, bus LOW)
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* Alternating ~3 bit times (312us) to show inversion
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V_TX TX 0 PWL(
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+ 0u 0
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+ 199.5u 0
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+ 200u 3.3
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+ 512u 3.3
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+ 512.5u 0
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+ 825u 0
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+ 825.5u 3.3
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+ 1137u 3.3
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+ 1137.5u 0
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+ 2000u 0)
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* === Bus Model ===
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* Idle pull-up: represents combined impedance of other modules' inputs
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* No active driver — only U2 phototransistor drives the bus here
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R_PULL V12 IBUS 4.7k
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C_BUS IBUS 0 100p
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* === TX Driver: Q1 (BC547B) ===
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R5 TX R5_R3 470
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R3 R5_R3 Q1B 10k
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Q1 Q1C Q1B 0 BC547B
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* === TX Optocoupler (U2) ===
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* LED path: VCC -> R2 -> U2 anode(1) -> U2 cathode(2) -> Q1 collector
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* Phototransistor: collector(3) = IBUS, emitter(4) = GND
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R2 VCC U2_A 220
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XU2 U2_A Q1C IBUS 0 PC817 Igain=1m
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* === RX Optocoupler (U1) for Loopback ===
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* Shows what the MCU sees on RX when it transmits
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R1_RX IBUS U1_A 2k
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XU1 U1_A 0 VCC RX PC817 Igain=1m
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R4_RX RX 0 1k
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* === PC817 Subcircuit (inlined from LTspice library) ===
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.subckt PC817 1 2 3 4
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R1 N003 2 2
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D1 1 N003 LD
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G1 3 N004 N003 2 {Igain}
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C1 1 2 18p
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Q1 3 N004 4 [4] NP
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.model LD D(Is=1e-20 Cjo=18p)
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.model NP NPN(Bf=1200 Vaf=140 Ikf=100m Rc=1 Cjc=19p Cje=7p Cjs=7p C2=3e-15)
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.ends PC817
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* === Transistor Model ===
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.model BC547B NPN(IS=2.39E-14 NF=1.008 ISE=3.545E-15 NE=1.541 BF=294.3 IKF=0.1357 VAF=63.2 NR=1.004 ISC=6.272E-14 NC=1.243 BR=7.946 IKR=0.1144 VAR=25.9 RB=1 IRB=1.00E-06 RBM=1 RE=0.4683 RC=0.85 XTB=0 EG=1.11 XTI=3 CJE=1.358E-11 VJE=0.65 MJE=0.3279 TF=4.391E-10 XTF=120 VTF=2.643 ITF=0.7495 PTF=0 CJC=3.728E-12 VJC=0.3997 MJC=0.2955 XCJC=0.6193 TR=1.00E-32 CJS=0 VJS=0.75 MJS=0.333 FC=0.9579 Vceo=45 Icrating=100m mfg=NXP)
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* === Simulation ===
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.tran 0 2000u 0 0.1u
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* === Measurements ===
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.meas tran IBUS_HIGH MAX V(IBUS)
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.meas tran IBUS_LOW MIN V(IBUS)
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.meas tran IBUS_SWING PP V(IBUS)
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.meas tran TX_TO_BUS_DELAY TRIG V(TX) VAL=1.65 RISE=1 TARG V(IBUS) VAL=6 FALL=1
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.meas tran U2_LED_CURRENT MAX I(R2)
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.meas tran RX_LOOPBACK_HIGH MAX V(RX)
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.meas tran RX_LOOPBACK_LOW MIN V(RX)
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.meas tran Q1_BASE_CURRENT MAX I(R3)
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.backanno
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.end
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