gr-apollo/src/apollo/usb_downlink_receiver.py
Ryan Malloy 0ee7ff0ad7 Implement full Apollo USB downlink decoder chain
Complete signal processing pipeline from complex baseband to decoded
PCM telemetry, verified against the 1965 NAA Study Guide (A-624):

Core demod (Phase 1):
  - PM demodulator with carrier PLL recovery
  - 1.024 MHz subcarrier extractor (bandpass + downconvert)
  - BPSK demodulator with Costas loop + symbol sync
  - Convenience hier_block2 combining subcarrier + BPSK

PCM frame processing (Phase 2):
  - 32-bit frame sync with Hamming distance correlator
  - SEARCH/VERIFY/LOCKED state machine, complement-on-odd handling
  - Frame demultiplexer (128-word, A/D voltage scaling)
  - AGC downlink decoder (15-bit word reassembly from DNTM1/DNTM2)

Voice and analog (Phase 3):
  - 1.25 MHz FM voice subcarrier demod to 8 kHz audio
  - SCO demodulator for 9 analog sensor channels (14.5-165 kHz)

Virtual AGC integration (Phase 4):
  - TCP bridge client with auto-reconnect and channel filtering
  - DSKY uplink encoder (VERB/NOUN/DATA command sequences)

Top-level receiver (Phase 5):
  - usb_downlink_receiver hier_block2: one block, complex in, PDUs out
  - 14 GRC block YAML definitions for GNU Radio Companion
  - Example scripts for signal analysis and full-chain demo

Infrastructure:
  - constants.py with all timing/frequency/frame parameters
  - protocol.py for sync word + AGC packet encode/decode
  - Synthetic USB signal generator for testing
  - 222 tests passing, ruff lint clean
2026-02-20 13:18:42 -07:00

112 lines
4.1 KiB
Python

"""
Apollo USB Downlink Receiver — top-level hierarchical block.
Combines the full demod chain into a single convenient block:
complex baseband → PM demod → subcarrier extract → BPSK demod → frame sync → demux
Input: complex baseband samples at 5.12 MHz
Output: telemetry PDUs on message ports (frames, telemetry, agc_data)
This is the "drop one block into GRC" convenience for the common case.
For finer control, use the individual blocks directly.
Reference: IMPLEMENTATION_SPEC.md — full downlink path
"""
from gnuradio import gr
from apollo.bpsk_demod import bpsk_demod
from apollo.constants import (
PCM_HIGH_BIT_RATE,
PCM_SUBCARRIER_HZ,
SAMPLE_RATE_BASEBAND,
)
from apollo.pcm_demux import pcm_demux
from apollo.pcm_frame_sync import pcm_frame_sync
from apollo.pm_demod import pm_demod
from apollo.subcarrier_extract import subcarrier_extract
class usb_downlink_receiver(gr.hier_block2):
"""Apollo USB downlink receiver — complex baseband to telemetry PDUs.
Inputs:
complex — baseband IQ samples at sample_rate (default 5.12 MHz)
Message outputs (no streaming output):
frames — complete PCM frame PDUs (from frame sync)
telemetry — individual word PDUs with channel metadata
agc_data — AGC channel data (ch 34/35/57)
raw_frame — full frame passthrough
The block chains: PM demod → subcarrier extract → BPSK demod → frame sync → demux.
The BPSK demodulator recovers NRZ bits, which the frame sync correlates against the
32-bit sync pattern. Locked frames are demultiplexed and emitted on message ports.
"""
def __init__(
self,
sample_rate: float = SAMPLE_RATE_BASEBAND,
bit_rate: int = PCM_HIGH_BIT_RATE,
carrier_pll_bw: float = 0.02,
subcarrier_bw: float = 150_000,
bpsk_loop_bw: float = 0.045,
max_bit_errors: int = 3,
output_format: str = "raw",
):
gr.hier_block2.__init__(
self,
"apollo_usb_downlink_receiver",
gr.io_signature(1, 1, gr.sizeof_gr_complex),
gr.io_signature(0, 0, 0), # message-only output
)
# Register message output ports (pass raw strings — the method interns them)
self.message_port_register_hier_out("frames")
self.message_port_register_hier_out("telemetry")
self.message_port_register_hier_out("agc_data")
self.message_port_register_hier_out("raw_frame")
# Stage 1: PM demodulator — carrier PLL + phase extraction
self.pm = pm_demod(
carrier_pll_bw=carrier_pll_bw,
sample_rate=sample_rate,
)
# Stage 2: Subcarrier extractor — bandpass + downconvert 1.024 MHz
self.sc_extract = subcarrier_extract(
center_freq=PCM_SUBCARRIER_HZ,
bandwidth=subcarrier_bw,
sample_rate=sample_rate,
)
# Stage 3: BPSK demodulator — Costas loop + symbol sync + slicer
self.bpsk = bpsk_demod(
symbol_rate=bit_rate,
sample_rate=sample_rate,
loop_bw=bpsk_loop_bw,
)
# Stage 4: PCM frame synchronizer — 32-bit correlator
self.frame_sync = pcm_frame_sync(
bit_rate=bit_rate,
max_bit_errors=max_bit_errors,
)
# Stage 5: PCM demultiplexer — word extraction + AGC channel ID
self.demux = pcm_demux(
output_format=output_format,
)
# Connect streaming chain: complex in → PM → subcarrier → BPSK → frame sync
self.connect(self, self.pm, self.sc_extract, self.bpsk, self.frame_sync)
# Connect message ports: frame_sync → demux → hier output ports
self.msg_connect(self.frame_sync, "frames", self.demux, "frames")
self.msg_connect(self.demux, "telemetry", self, "telemetry")
self.msg_connect(self.demux, "agc_data", self, "agc_data")
self.msg_connect(self.demux, "raw_frame", self, "raw_frame")
# Also forward raw frames from frame_sync directly
self.msg_connect(self.frame_sync, "frames", self, "frames")